Rickets in Poultry

Rickets is a condition in which there is a failure or inadequate deposition of minerals in the bones,

that is, calcium and phosphorus. This results in the abnormalities of shape and structure of bone.

ickets causes increased bone flexibility and deformity, resulting in lameness. It is usually seen in rapidly growing young chicks. Birds under four weeks of age are most susceptible, but the condition may occur at any age.

Causes

I. Calcium, phosphorus and/or vitamin 03 deficiency, or imbalances.

2. Faulty mixing of feed ingredients.

3. Intercurrent diseases influencing vitamin 03 and mineral deposition.

Symptoms

I. Affected chickens show poor growth, symptoms of muscular incoordination, stiff-legged gait (walking), and progressive lameness .

2. The hock joints are enlarged. The beak and shanks (leg bones) in young chicks are soft and flexible.

3. As the condition progresses, feathers become ruffled, and there is loss of condition. Morbidity (number of birds affected) in an untreated flock may reach 100%, and mortality (deaths) up to 50% has been observed.

Postmortem Findings

I. The bones do not break with a sudden sharp sound, because they become soft and rubbery from poor mineralization . The beak and shanks are soft and pliable.

2. In birds with severe rickets, the keel bones are not straight, but twisted, bent, or curved, ribs are 'beaded'. That is, heads of the ribs are enlarged as nodules .

3. The legs are bent, and ends of the long bones enlarged.

Diagnosis

Typical postmortem findings are usually enough for field diagnosis.

Treatment

I. Administer vitamin 03 in the recommended dose 2-3 times through drinking water.

2. Replace the suspected feed with the known well balanced and properly mixed feed.

Control

I. Ensure adequate supply of vitamin 03 and calcium and phosphorus in 2: I ratio in the feed.

2. Mineral premixes should be properly mixed for even distribution.